SKU: 1064417696

Oligarchic Cartelization In Post-Suharto Indonesia

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Oligarchic Cartelization In Post-Suharto IndonesiaAs detailed in Oligarchic Cartelization in Post Suharto Indonesia, a few ruling individuals from party organizations overpowered Indonesias post authoritarian, representative democracy. The legislative process of the 2017 Election Act was the case study employed to examine this assumption. The underlying thinking was that there was a contest between wealth power (oligarchy) and participation power (democracy). The power of wealth controls the party

As detailed in Oligarchic Cartelization in Post-Suharto Indonesia, a few ruling individuals from party organizations overpowered Indonesia’s post-authoritarian, representative democracy. The legislative process of the 2017 Election Act was the case study employed to examine this assumption. The underlying thinking was that there was a contest between “wealth power” (oligarchy) and “participation power” (democracy). The power of wealth controls the party and government institutions. Notwithstanding the presence of participation power, there was, however, no balance between wealth power and participation power, because the formal control of politics was in the hands of party oligarchs. This study is purposed to bridge the gap in knowledge by exploring how the party oligarchs maintain the policymaking, reputedly using cartelized strategies, to defend the status quo. By employing the oligarchy and cartelization concepts, the central question of this inquiry focused on how the party oligarchs mastered the policy process in post-Suharto Indonesia. Qualitative findings indicated that the party oligarchs engineered the legal process in parliament applying cartelized strategies to defend privileges they obtained from collusive interpenetrations with the state. Understanding the “oligarchic cartelization” theoretical postulate is a fundamental step for party members to improve their performance in public offices. The results of this study can also be a useful reference for pro-democracy activists to defend the ontological essence of public participation in implementing representative democracy at an appropriate level. 

About the Author

Boni Hargens is a political analyst currently living in Indonesia. He is familiar in his country since he has been for years attending talk shows on television and writing columns on mainstream newspapers in his country. His concern is on the oligarchy and cartel party theories. He attended many lectures at Humboldt University in Germany for many years before completing his doctoral degree at Walden University in the United States.

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SKU: 1064417696

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A picture is worth a thousand words applies to this product, as you will see in the attached photos these stand up to the abuse of a Great Dane. He has dragged me around the yard for hours already with this in his mouth and the stretchy handle keeps it shape. This ball is a little firmer than others of these I have had in the past, which helps exercise his giant jaw. I could get a few weeks out of the other brands I have bought. This brand is still like new well past the time others have failed. I will be ordering more as my French Mastiff is interested in one of his own (the boys do not like to share toys - most dog guardians understand).
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Holding up well.
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Seems to be holding up to my aggressive chewer. I have it hanging from a tree branch and she loves leaping to get it! Buying another pair so she has a greater selection around the backyard.
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Good quality
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10/10 my dog lovessss and she chews through everything but they last daily tug of war, I don’t let her sit and chew on it thought I only use it outside
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Cheap product. Returned immediately. My shitzu is over a year & a similar toy from the Dollar Tree lasted longer than 6 months. This item lasted 1 hour of receiving.
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