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Description
How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticalityand acknowledgments Self organized criticality is a new way of viewing nature. The basic picture is one where nature is perpetually out of balance, but organized in a poised state the critical state where anything can happen within well defined statistical laws. The aim of the science of self organized criticality is to yield insight into the fundamental question of why nature is complex, not simple, as the laws of physics imply. Self organized
and acknowledgments Self-organized criticality is a new way of viewing nature. The basic picture is one where nature is perpetually out of balance, but organized in a poised state-the critical state-where anything can happen within well-defined statistical laws. The aim of the science of self-organized criticality is to yield insight into the fundamental question of why nature is complex, not simple, as the laws of physics imply. Self-organized criticality explains some ubiquitous patterns existing in nature that we view as complex. Fractal structure and catastrophic events are among those regularities. Applications range from the study of pulsars and black holes to earthquakes and the evolution of life. One intriguing conse- quence of the theory is that catastrophes can occur for no reason whatsoever. Mass extinctions may take place without any external triggering mechanism such as a volcanic eruption or a meteorite hitting the earth (although the the- ory of course cannot rule out that this has in fact occurred). xu How Nature Works Since we first proposed the idea in 1987, more than 2, ooo papers have been written on self-organized criticality, making ours the most cited paper in physics during that period. How Nature Works is the first book to deal with the subject. The basic idea is simple, and most of the mathematical models that have been used in the implementation of the theory are not complicated.Binding Type: Hardcover
Publisher: Copernicus Books
Published: 08/29/1996
ISBN: 9780387947914
Pages: 212
Weight: 1.18lbs
Size: 9.46h x 6.42w x 0.95d
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4.5 ★★★★★
Based on 19 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
So much sturdy fun for little dogs!
Size: Small 2"
Wow! My puppy loves these! He is entertained endlessly chasing after and nose scooting the little rubber balls! He really seems to enjoy the jingle sound and loves to chew on the balls also. Even with a lot of chewing from his little teeth, there are no marks. Sturdy, great toy!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 9, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Well made, perfect size!
Size: Small 2"
My dogs love these balls. They are the perfect size and hold up well for my 2 dogs, 7# and 9#. The bell is a nice change from the squeaky toys.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 4, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Durable, bouncy, not annoying like squeaky ball & our dogs LOVE them.
Size: Small 2"
Love these and my dogs love them to! Not nearly as noisy as a squeaky ball (thank goodness) and they bounce which are dogs love. They will fetch them, and they will play by tossing it up and pouncing on it when it bounces. They literally entertain themselves with it when we aren't playing fetch. Much more durable than the round rubber / latex squeaky ball / toys.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 17, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Quality item.
Size: Small 2"
These seem to be quality dog toys. I bought them for a friend's chihuahua. My cats were unimpressed, lol. The chihuahua had never seen a ball. He seemed curious, but would not approach this new item. Time will tell.
The bells have a very loud shrill sound, completely unlike any I've ever heard before.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 22, 2026
★★★★★ 5
What I was looking for!
Size: Large 3"
I bought these to continue playing fetch with my blind dog, she loves it! The only downside is the bell has slipped out once in a great while, but is easily reinserted.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 27, 2026
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