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Arredondo: Last Spanish Ruler of Texas and Northeastern New SpainIn this biography of Joaqu n de Arredondo, historian Bradley Folsom brings to life one of the most influential and ruthless leaders in North American history. Arredondo (1776 1837), a Bourbon loyalist who governed Texas and the other interior provinces of northeastern New Spain during the Mexican War of Independence, contended with attacks by revolutionaries, U. S. citizens, generals who had served in Napoleon's army, pirates, and various American
In this biography of Joaqu n de Arredondo, historian Bradley Folsom brings to life one of the most influential and ruthless leaders in North American history. Arredondo (1776-1837), a Bourbon loyalist who governed Texas and the other interior provinces of northeastern New Spain during the Mexican War of Independence, contended with attacks by revolutionaries, U.S. citizens, generals who had served in Napoleon's army, pirates, and various American Indian groups, all attempting to wrest control of the region. Often resorting to violence to deal with the provinces' problems, Arredondo was for ten years the most powerful official in northeastern New Spain. Folsom's lively account shows the challenges of governing a vast and inhospitable region and provides insight into nineteenth-century military tactics and Spanish viceregal realpolitik. When Arredondo and his army--which included Arredondo's prot g , future president of Mexico Antonio L pez de Santa Anna--arrived in Nuevo Santander in 1811, they quickly suppressed a revolutionary upheaval. Arredondo went on to expel an army of revolutionaries and invaders from the United States who had taken over Texas and declared it an independent republic. In the Battle of Medina, the bloodiest battle ever fought in Texas, he crushed the insurgents and followed his victory with a purge that reduced Texas's population by half. Over the following eight years, Arredondo faced fresh challenges to Spanish sovereignty ranging from Comanche and Apache raids to continued American incursion. In response, Arredondo ignored his superiors and ordered his soldiers to terrorize those who disagreed with him. Arredondo's actions had dramatic repercussions in Texas, Mexico, and the United States. His decision to allow Moses Austin to colonize Texas with Americans would culminate in the defeat of Santa Anna in 1836, but not before Santa Anna had made good use of the lessons in brutality he had learned so well from his mentor.Binding Type: Hardcover
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Published: 03/16/2017
ISBN: 9780806156972
Pages: 336
Weight: 1.30lbs
Size: 9.20h x 6.30w x 1.10d
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★★★★★ 3
They're ok, miss the resistor 3.0
Size: Large, Color: Black
I bought these because Under Armour stopped making the resistor 3.0 socks. These are fine, but the resistors are better. This model is a little too form-fitting, and I have to make sure they're situated on my toes properly, otherwise they'll sit between my little toe and the next one.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 13, 2025
★★★★★ 5
UA Socks
Size: Large, Color: Black
Great socks for summer. Just what I wanted.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 3, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Good Socks.
Size: Large, Color: Black
Good fit and comfortable socks.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 20, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Great quality.
Size: Large, Color: (001) Black / Black / White
Thickness and comfort are great. Quality is great and the same I would expect if I bought at the branded storefront.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 11, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Great product.
Size: Small, Color: (001) Black / Black / White
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Reviewed in the United States on May 16, 2026
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