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Description
Mouse GS ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipette and gun tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37 constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: 1. Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 overnight, then centrifuge at 1000g for 20
Product Specification
| Usage |
Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipette and gun tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37℃ constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: 1. Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4℃ overnight, then centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. 2. Plasma: Collect the specimen using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge the specimen at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C within 30 minutes of collection. The supernatant can be assayed or stored at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. 3. Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh the tissue and mince it. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1 g of tissue sample to 9 mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000 × g for 5-10 minutes, and the supernatant can be assayed. 4. Cell Lysis Buffer: Gently wash adherent cells with pre-chilled PBS, then trypsinize and collect cells by centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be collected directly by centrifugation. Wash the collected cells three times with pre-chilled PBS and resuspend them in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1×10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, the PBS volume can be reduced appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freeze-thaw cycles or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500×g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and remove the supernatant for analysis. 5. Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Culture Supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes. Remove the supernatant for analysis or store at -20°C or -80°C, avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 6. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 20 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 20 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take 7 EP tubes and add 500 μL of universal diluent to each tube. Pipette 500 μL of the 20 ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 10 ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves directly as a blank well; there is no need to aspirate the liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration using universal diluent (e.g., 10µL concentrate + 990µL universal diluent). Prepare immediately before use. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit uses a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with a glutamine synthetase (GS) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB is converted to blue by HRP peroxidase and to yellow by acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Mouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Mouse Glutamine synthetase ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that plays a vital role in nitrogen metabolism by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. The glutamine synthetase reaction is glutamate + ATP + NH3 → glutamine + ADP + phosphate. Glutamine synthetase utilizes ammonia generated by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration. The amide group of glutamate serves as the nitrogen source for the synthesis of metabolites in the glutamine pathway. Other reactions may occur via GS. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.31-20 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenate, cell lysate, cerebrospinal fluid, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids |
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4.4 ★★★★★
Based on 27 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Great product
Style: Stereo Receiver, Configuration: Receiver
This is a great basic receiver. It's very easy to understand, setup and operate. This receiver sounds excellent and includes Bluetooth so I can stream Apple Music and Spotify to the receiver. My only negative comments would be that the speaker connections are the spring-loaded terminals which require thin gauge speaker wires or Flex Pin Banana Plugs. Also, you should be aware the FM Antenna (provided) is a wire antenna utilizing a strange plug-in adapter. It was perfectly adequate for what I needed however I think it could be an issue if you were in a remote area that required a mast antenna.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 9, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Shockingly Great: Do Not Be Skeptical Of The Ultra Low Price
Style: Stereo Receiver, Configuration: Receiver
Do not allow the extremely low price on this Sony STRDH 190 stereo receiver to in any way prejudice you against considering it as a wonderful entry-level stereo receiver. I have purchased thousands of products on Amazon over the past 25 years, and I cannot think of any item that pleasantly surprised me more profoundly than this one. I also purchased the matching (style) Sony turntable PS-LX310BT which works perfectly with the STRDH 190 receiver.
Sony's lowest priced receiver now sells for the astounding bargain price of only around $200, though I caught it on sale for closer to $150... and as impossible as this is the believe, it has in recent years gone on sale for as little as $99(!) I have no idea how Sony makes a profit at these price levels.
Now I know, most people would think, "there is just no way a $200 receiver is high quality"... but I am telling you, that is dead wrong in this case, and you should prepare to be blown away by what you get at this crazy low price point.
This is NOT a no frills unit. It is feature packed.
It has connections for TWO PAIR (four total) speakers, and PLENTY of clean no-distortion power to drive all four speakers to loud and clear volume levels. It also has an A/B speaker switch to play through speaker set A, or speaker set B, or all four speakers at once.
It has a phono stage pre-amp which is actually very good. Seriously, it is much better than the phono stage pre-amp built into my Emotiva integrated amp for which I paid $1,000. It plays vinyl loud with no distortion. You will NOT need an external phono pre-amp.
It has excellent Bluetooth wireless connectivity built in... no trouble getting it to instantly recognized sources and play them perfectly. You can play all the music on your iPhone or other digital device, wirelessly.
It has a huge allotment of extra connections, ... a whopping FOUR inputs... so you can also hook up a CD player, and another external device of your choice, and another one after that, and another one after that! (WOW). And that's is not counting your PHONO input which is actually a fifth input connection. Astounding accommodation of external sources at this (or almost any) price point.
If you are a dinosaur who listens to FM ... it's got an FM receiver with 30 station presets, and an output to hook up a proper external FM antenna, and a long-wire FM antenna is included in the package
Sony says the "HiRes" audio produced by this unit is "superior to CD quality"... though I am not sure how to measure that claim, especially if the extrnal source you are using is a CD player.
It comes with a very high quality remote control, with real buttons, and many features.
You can actually program each of your external sources to appear in the illuminated display as the specific names you want, rather than a generic default source name like "CD".
The low price may raise an eyebrow, and the fairly light weight (much heavier on one side than on the other curiously) nature of the unit may also cause doubt... but only until you set it up and start listening, and your jaw drops.
I would put this sub-$200 receiver up against any receiver on the market priced under $800, (and probably several of them priced at twice that much!) and I believe you will not be disappointed in the sound quality of Sony's entry-level unit. You certainly will NEVER find another receiver anywhere near this price point with so many features and inputs... all of which work flawlessly.
This is the greatest bargain in the world of affordably-priced HiFi equipment.
It is easily worth multiple times the asking price.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 18, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Overall Excellent - Thorough Review - READ ME
Style: Stereo Receiver, Configuration: Receiver
I'm not an audiophile per se, but I do have elevated listening preferences. I enjoy finding the value in devices, and system configs. So that's the reason I tried this more budget-friendly receiver.
Aesthetics: The look is very sleek and modern, which is great but sometimes I miss the nostalgia of more knobs. There is no base/treble knob and most everything is controlled by remote. That's fine I suppose, just be aware. The volume knob is very large and traditional which I love, but is also very stiff and not buttery smooth like you might expect. Perhaps that will break-in.
Sound Quality: Wow, this sounds incredible. There is definitely a DSP happening that is noticeably awesome. It's referred to by Sony as Pure Direct. If you want to by-pass this, you can, but you'll hear right away the difference is major. I'm using simple Klipsch bookshelf speakers, and my expectations are surpassed on how much they come to life with bright and rich sound. Definitely a nice pairing for those shopping for speakers along with this unit. Overall the SQ is gonna be tough to beat without spending exponentially more.
Remote: The remote is nice, sleek, and has what you need to quickly access. No complaints there.
Installation: Takes minutes, super easy. Didn't follow any instructions due to my general confidence hooking up home audio gear.
Overall: I highly recommend this one, and I'm picky. Initially, I fully expected to return this receiver, but plan to keep it. The only thing that may change my mind, is if I miss the nostalgia... then I'll have to go vintage. But no way a vintage receiver will sound this good. Props to Sony. Well done :)
A+
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Reviewed in the United States on January 18, 2024
★★★★★ 5
Nice amplifier for the cost.
Style: Stereo Receiver, Configuration: Receiver
I had been using my Marantz model 22 receiver now for a couple years now with the TV, dvd player, and youtube music from my tablet. I like lots of knots and switches on my audio gear, I'm an engineer. I was getting tired of the seemingly endless up and down to adjust volume and whatever. And my inputs on the Marantz were maxed out. I searched Amazon to see what was available as a possible replacement that had a REMOTE. This Sony caught my eye. Relatively inexpensive, plenty of inputs, and specs I could trust, not a 3x4x5 box offering 220+220 watts of unlimited power! Ordered it and been using it for over a month now. Only 2 knobs, how good could that be? Well, it's remote let's me control everything without getting up. Plenty of output power, 100+100 watts of true RMS power. I didn't plan on using the Bluetooth but I tried it with the tablet, keeping the tablet by me, and it really impressed this old audiophile. I really don't have any negatives about it, even the fm sounds great. It was heavier than expected but not as much as that old Marantz. I even popped the cover. The build quality was what I consider good. I only wish I could find a service manual with the schematic for it.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 23, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Great Banana Plugs
Size: 6 Pairs / 12 pcs
I recently purchased these FosPower banana plugs to tidy up my speaker wiring, and they’ve been a significant improvement over bare wire ends. Installation is straightforward: strip the wire, loosen the two tiny set screws, slide the wire in, tighten everything down, and then screw the barrel back on. Once assembled, the connection feels secure and tight, making it much easier to swap gear around and reducing the risk of stray strands causing a short.
The standout feature of this design is the dual set-screw clamp. It firmly grips the speaker wire without relying on the outer collar to “crush” it in place. I’m using 12-gauge wire, and it holds well for my setup.
Initially, the plugs may fit snugly in some binding posts. Once seated, there’s no wobble, but it might take a bit of extra push the first time.
The set screws are small, so a bit of precision is needed. Use a small flathead screwdriver and don’t over-tighten them.
Overall, these plugs feel well-made, look clean once installed, and fulfill their purpose as banana plugs: making speaker connections quick, neat, and reliable.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on May 27, 2026
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